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From: "Art Shifrin" <[log in to unmask]>
> I'm under the impression that up to some year in the early 1920s, most
> Pathe
> disks
> were vertical cut. Their wide grooves were intended to be played with
> spherical sapphires.
> Say "spherical sapphires" in rapid succession 3 or more times ..... At
> least here in the US, those designated as needle cut were lateral &
> intended
> to be played with needles.
>
Often, "needle cut" referred to vertical-cut discs not intended to be played
with the Pathe sapphire ball-tipped needle! They used steel needles, but
the reproducers had the diaphraghm parallel to the records' surfaces.

Steven C. Barr