Dear colleagues, I would like to raise two questions with regard to the pinyin conversion. 1. "l�e" and "n�e" vs. "lue" and "nue" In "Library of Congress Pinyin Conversion Project: Frequently Asked Questions: What's the difference between Wade-Giles and Pinyin?" (http://lcweb.loc.gov/catdir/pinyin/difference.html), it says: "Umlaut - the umlaut is used commonly in WG; but only two syllables in PY include an umlaut: n� and l� (to differentiate from the syllables that are romanized as nu and lu)". Obviously, LC's conversion of syllables beginning with � was based on this "only two rule." As a result, "l�eh" and "n�eh" were converted to "lue" and "nue" (see personal name heading "Huang, Gonglue, 1898-1931" and series title heading "Zhan lue cong shu"). However, according to Item 3 (4) of Hanyu Pinyin Fang'an (Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet), if the simple or compound vowels ("yunmu" in Chinese) beginning with � follow n or l, the umlaut should not be omitted. In other words, "l�e" and "n�e" can not be written as "lue" and "nue" (see Xiandai Hanyu Cidian, Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo Diminglu, and Encyclop�dia Britannica (http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/single_table_inline/0,5716,910,00.html), for examples). 2. Apostrophe (Syllable-dividing mark) Again, in "Library of Congress Pinyin Conversion Project: Frequently Asked Questions: What's the difference between Wade-Giles and Pinyin?", it says: "Ayns, apostrphes [sic]: - WG uses ayns (sometimes incorrectly written as apostrophes) to indicate aspiration. PY does not use the ayn, but occasionally uses the apostrophe to indicate 1) where joined syllables beginning with the letters a, e or o begin [sic], and 2) when one joined syllable ends in the letter n and the following syllable begins with the letter g." According to "rule" 2), "Wang, Yen-keng" was converted to "Wang, Yan'geng", "Hu, An-kang" became "Hu, An'gang." However, this "rule" can not be found in Hanyu Pinyin Fang'an. It is only pointed out in Item 5 of Hanyu Pinyin Fang'an that the syllable-dividing mark (apostrophe) should be used in front of syllables beginning with a, o, e to mark the division of two syllables that are otherwise easily confused, such as, dang'an (archives), pi'ao (fur coat), qi'e (penguin), Tian'an Men, Xi'an. Having this rule laid down, it is not necessary to use apostrophe in two joined syllables with the former ending with n and the latter beginning with g. Apostrophe is never used in such conditions in Xiandai Hanyu Cidian (see entries: dangan [work on one's own/by oneself], mangan [act rashly/recklessly], shangang [low hill; hillock], etc.) and Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo Diminglu (see p. 43, Bangeng Xiang, p. 198, Fangang Zhen, p. 529, Nangang Qu, etc.). Is it necessary to deviate from Hanyu Pinyin Fang'an in terms of these two aspects? Shall we stick to only one standard? Sun Zehua Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Library