I looked again at the BibX example for partdesc (which is where my partDesc came from). Would this -- the ability to have composite references (the specific details of how to name elements is less important) --not better accommodate your example Suzanne? <partdesc> <composite> <single type="volume">3</single> <partdesc> <single type="part">1</single> <single type="part">3</single> </partdesc> </composite> </partdesc> This was designed to be able to get a citation like: Some Collection Title, volume 3, parts 1, 3. The other example was... <partdesc> <single type="chapter">1</single> <range type="chapter"> <start>3</start> <end>5</end> </range> </partdesc> ...to get: Some Book Title, chapters 1, 3-5. BibX, BTW, parses all start/end extents, including page numbers (important for formatting processing). The above doesn't solve your interest in including titles of course. Bruce