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Hello, Steven, Today they are--sort of. There are actually three different "grids" that free-wheel in respect to each other. There is power transfer across these boundaries by using DC transmission lines (large AC-->DC and then DC-->AC converters). In the interim report on the Aug 14, 2003 blackout, there is a good overview of this https://reports.energy.gov/ I'm not sure how accurately this was done system-wise in 1963. I do recall in that era two clocks in power control rooms. One running off NBS time, the other running off the grid. They needed to agree once a day. There have been various reports about how much the power drifts and what is the power company commitment to average it out to precisely 60.000... Hz. Cheers, Richard At 03:05 PM 3/5/2004 -0500, you wrote: >----- Original Message ----- >From: Richard L. Hess > >I guess, at least that day, the 60Hz in St. Louis was pretty much spot on! >Aren't all the electrical systems in North America synchonized at an exact >60Hz, in order to avoid various spectacular results when they are >interconnected >(which is often the case)? I have ni idea how this is done, but I think I've >been told it was/is done... >Steven C. Barr