Yeah, I had assumed for now that omitting the authority attribute implied that the authority was undefined, or local (to the surrounding madsCollection). The MADS folks should put the intended semantics in the user guidelines when the schema is finished. FYI, for citation management a name authority file is highly useful, since the majority of academics write more than one article. >>> [log in to unmask] 2004-06-10 19:31:29 >>> I suspect that while we librarians are thinking "authority" some others are really looking for a way to move names out of bibliographic records into a Names file. So there may be no source of authority other than "this is the form I use in my file." As we know, that has some value for personal names, for which there is some repetition (in spite of the fact that the vast majority of book authors only write one book), but it could have much more value for subjects and geographic names, for which we can expect more repetition in a single database.