Exercise: Convince a toff the hyphen in his name is just a display convention. :) But here's a better example than in my original post: <mads ID="merzenich.m.m"> <authority> <name type="personal"> <namePart type="family">Merzenich</namePart> <namePart type="given">Michael M.</namePart> </name> </authority> </mads> <mads ID="mesulam.m.m"> <authority> <name type="personal"> <namePart type="family">Mesulam</namePart> <namePart type="given">Marek-Marsel</namePart> </name> </authority> </mads> In a list of references the first might appear as "Merzenich, M. M." or "Merzenich MM" or one of a few other possibilities, but never as "Merzenich M-M" or "Merzenich M.-M." The second person's name can be (and often is) written as "Mesulam M-M" or "Mesulam M.-M." If you have... <mads ID="mesulam.m.m"> <authority> <name type="personal"> <namePart type="family">Mesulam</namePart> <namePart type="given">Marek</namePart> <namePart type="given">Marsel</namePart> </name> </authority> </mads> ...no stylesheet is going to be able to figure out there's supposed to be a hyphen in there somewhere. >>> [log in to unmask] 2004-06-11 11:09:17 >>> > From: Andrew E Switala [mailto:[log in to unmask]] > Sent: 11 June, 2004 10:55 > Subject: Re: [MODS] names and abbreviation > > Annoying case one: hyphenated given names. If you break them > up into multiple <namePart> elements, where does the hyphen go? It doesn't. The hyphen is a display convention. Keep markup and content separate. The display rules may say to for each name part after the first, add a hyphen, before concatenating the name part. Or other display conventions may be used.