>> I've got a gateway to a Z39.50 server which returns characters which I >> can't serialize to XML and/or successfully deserialize, for example the > How can there be a character that you can't at least serialize as a hex > code? I can serialize it fine, but when it gets deserialised, the underlying xml parser turns it back into the escape character proper. Then it screws up the SOAP response parser when it's at the end of a string. This could be just my SOAP toolkit, but I've tried switching the parser between three different implementations (expat, 4suite, libxml2) and the same thing happens with each. eg <term> <value>foo </value> </term> I thought of replacing the character or term with something else, as per Theo's suggestion, but then you end up with the same problem as just omitting the character -- the term is practically worthless, so you might as well omit the whole thing. Rob ,'/:. Dr Robert Sanderson ([log in to unmask]) ,'-/::::. http://www.o-r-g.org/~azaroth/ ,'--/::(@)::. Special Collections and Archives, extension 3142 ,'---/::::::::::. University of Liverpool ____/:::::::::::::. I L L U M I N A T I L5R Shop: http://www.cardsnotwords.com/