Hi, are there any 'best practice' guidelines for geographic subdivisions in MODS when using subjects from LCSH? Specifically, is anyone following the LCSH rule of indirect geographic subdivision? I am referring to the rule that transforms a geographic main heading, such as "Halkyn Mountain (Wales)", into two geographic entities when used as a subdivision: Wales--Halkyn Mountain. (Example taken from: http://www.tulane.edu/~techserv/geogqual.html#subdbasic) So if the subject is "gorse on the Halkyn Mountain", do I represent it in MODS as 1) <subject authority="lcsh"><topic>Gorse</topic><geographic>Halkyn Mountain (Wales)</geographic></subject>, or 2) <subject authority="lcsh"><topic>Gorse</topic><geographic>Wales</geographic><geographic>Halkyn Mountain</geographic></subject>, or 3) <subject authority="lcsh"><topic>Gorse</topic><hierarchicalGeographic><state>Wales</state><area>Halkyn Mountain</area></hierarchicalGeographic></subject>? Obviously, there are implications for maintaining local authority files and validating the records (easiest in the case of 1., but this is does not strictly speaking produce a pure LCSH subject string), as well as for creating browsable subject lists as a finding aid (whereby 2. and 3. collate subjects much better according to geographic area). I have been wrecking my head with this problems for quite some time now and would love to hear whether (and how!) anyone else has tried to tackle this problem in MODS! Thanks, Christoph ----------------------- Christoph Schmidt-Supprian Irish Virtual Research Library and Archive Project, James Joyce Library, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4. (t) 01 716 7506 (e) [log in to unmask] (w) www.ucd.ie/ivrla