In fact, the idea of lip-syncing predates modern sync sound. In France, an entire series of films was released wherein the company would synchronize the camera to a store-bought cylinder recording and actors would lip-sync to the playback. Before amplification, obviously these films were few and far between, but set the precedent for on-set playback. J. Theakston ________________________________ From: Bob Olhsson <[log in to unmask]> To: [log in to unmask] Sent: Thursday, June 25, 2009 12:33:55 PM Subject: Re: [ARSCLIST] Recording Innovations > -----Original Message----- > From Anthony Baldwin: > ... And it would be interesting to establish how many of these > supposed "Hollywood" developments were kick-started by the > early-1930s technical and artistic diaspora from Berlin studios such > as UFA, where, say, lip-synching to a backing track for musical > numbers was fully in place by 1931. It was already happening in Hollywood during the late '20s. <snip>