Hello! > an empty element, as in <etal/>, or I consider that this is a good idea. > for example <etal>et al.</etal>; in this case > the content is what is suggested for display. In this case, the semantics of the text content of the etal element reminds me of the semantics of the text content of the displayForm element. > <displayForm> MAY NOT occur. Are there some reasons not to allow the occurrence of displayForm and instead require that the etal element should be empty? What I wonder is: Are there big enough semantic differences between the text content of the displayForm element and that of the intended etal element to put this text in two different elements? Regards! SaaĊĦha,